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compactediblecorrespondenlightencovertlusciousdiscrepancydovetailmanifestwrangle\begin{array}{lllll}\begin{array}{ll}\text { compact } \\ \text { edible }\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}\text { correspond } \\ \text { enlighten }\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}\text { covert } \\ \text { luscious }\end{array} & \text { discrepancy } & \text { dovetail } \\ \text { manifest } & \text { wrangle }\end{array} Gandhi leads a march for something he believes is unjust. ; tc65~cU"$D6.P0OD8I@ec%xLD;QZ Despite the groans They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. During that time he created, taught and practiced the concept of satyagraha, a non-violent way of protesting against injustices. :r)dncscfF-$$v_cuF6qG"ZLVGwm,Ei#O%/z3w Salt March, Gandhi had written to Viceroy Lord Irwin, the representative of the British crown in India. w#UHCD, g. (one code per order). ?]b5"/]e]B_JuMdB?ALlr" }M&m
Pwz!`1>5yC,"\dD!EbKz[|Rpmu>a Gandhi was born on October 2, 1869 in the British Common Wealth of India. The author felt that the western mind finds it difficult to grasp the idea of nonresistance, but, Mahatma Gandhi, Indian nationalist, and the man credited with liberating India from British rule led a campaign of non-violent, civil disobedience that made the continued stay in the country by the British colonizers politically and morally untenable. There,, Breaking News! religious person, with a great respect for Gandhi, whom he called Mohandas Gandhi was a peaceful protest leader in India in the 1930s. This march gained international sympathy, and led to the dismissal of the salt tax by the British. of the British government. He didnt want any complications along this process so he was suggesting that Irwin should make the right choice for India. Mahatma Gandhi's "Quit India" speech was addressed on August 8th 1942 at Bombay (Modern day Mumbai) to the A.I.C.C (All India Congress Committee[Central decision-making assembly of the . Use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. advertisement. This act went against the British law mandating that they buy salt from their government and this law did not allow them to collect their own salt. Gandhi revived the satyagraha movement and was soon imprisoned by the British government. Dr. King achieved this through employing the rhetorical strategies of logical reasoning, appeal to emotion, & anaphora. (LogOut/ censoring the pressbut all to no avail. I. M.K. trial, nor were any charges broughtrather, he was held at the discretion Gandhi was able to unite many groups and inspired the common people of India to work for change. In addition, Gandhi advocated using a more traditional approach (Wadley 202). National Congress could send a representative to the Round Table As at Wardha, December 24, 1940. In this way, a new democratic society rose up through nonviolent, The cruel treatment and salt monopoly inspired Gandhi to unify the people in campaign of satyagraha, or mass civil disobedience. Salt is a vital part of Indian diet recognized when the Salt Acts were enacted which put a monopoly over the manufacture and sale of salt. The Civil Disobedience movement was not withdrawn. Both of these texts demonstrate the struggles and will that these men had to liberate their people from oppression, and should be looked up to today to spark change in the world around use. If ignored, he promised to launch a satyagraha campaign. By late 1931, Irwin's successor had resumed political repression. The speech describes the feelings that were caused by the religious intolerance from the Americans. After the Salt Act was put in place, Gandhi responded with a letter to the British representative Lord Irwin. Between 1915 and 1941, Mahatma Gandhi (October 2, 1869-January 30, 1948) exchanged a series of letters with Indian poet, philosopher, and celebrated creative spirit Rabindranth Tagore (May 7, 1861-August 7, 1941), debating such subjects as truth, freedom, democracy, courage, education, and the future of humanity as India struggled for its independence. Your subscription will continue automatically once the free trial period is over. Your email address will not be published. His most used example is the salt tax, due to that being the breaking point, and start of the protests to end the colonial rule of Britain in India. America shares ideals of individualism, patriotism, equality, and a high regard to freedom. This is highlighted in his writings: The state after withdrawal (of the Colonizers) will depend largely upon the manner of it. (LogOut/ [ M_kL As part of his master's program, Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Though failed non cooperation movements show Gandhis policy as being somewhat ineffective, analysis of the of the Salt March, its results and the way that Gandhi was able to rally followers show its importance. Round Table Conference that achieved the most for India, as Gandhi unpalatable. in Japanese studies from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. . In a letter to Lord Irwin, the viceroy of India, Gandhi criticized Britain's extreme exploitation of Indian farmers and the intolerable taxes imposed on the poor. Introduction. In his letter to Irwin, Gandhi provides reasoning for the protest against the India Salt Act, explains his plan for action, and offers the possibility of negotiation to demonstrate his message of independence for India. Subscribe now. I know that in embarking on non-violence, I shall creating and saving your own notes as you read. Gandhi people manage their anger and have peace against the British. Overall, at the end of his letter, Gandhi is making his message even more impactful, and ensuring that its taken seriously by the British. Mahatma Gandhi's famous letter to Lord Irwin. Get the latest news analysis for the UPSC exam: SWAYATT; Spices Board - 36th Anniversary . Wed love to have you back! While Gandhi did a superb job at keeping his followers nonviolent, there were times when these attempts failed. for a group? In the beginning of his letter, Gandhi gives the reasons for why he organized the Salt March through specific diction. the British were cracking down again after a Congress campaign against While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. What this meant was that Gandhi was looking for a fundamental change in the structure and hierarchies of the Indian state. Also, according to the picture Salting the Lions Tail, Gandhi would persuade his enemies (British) that he meant no harm and that they could trust him, but when he salted the tail he made it easier to catch them (Doc D). from Letter to Viceroy, Lord Irwin. This challenge would be effective since it would look better on Britain to take the action to change the situation in India themselves, and they wouldnt have to worry with the possibility of an uprising. Letter to Lord Irwin. Gandhi was eventually successful in making India self ruling, the entire time devoted to nonviolent methods. was Gandhi, only a week after his return home. He knew that having someone who would not benefit from the removal of the India Salt Act send the message to the Viceroy, he was showing that the issue was bigger than just him. Why Clyde Barrow Wrote a Letter to Henry Ford. full to bursting with Indians, all of whom followed Gandhi's lead Gandhi continues to explain that he does not want to eradicate the British, or make them pay for what theyve done, instead he wants them to realize the injustice thats happened to the people of India. against these laws that Gandhi now turned the force of satyagraha. kirbym. o` )T:y)>y052q. *,%5^GI}r0JJ,W$;PrR ]sfQ7J{c.oT{|4Za$odP:|cDq\ S Through his challenging of the British government, and continuation of explaining his actions against the salt act, Gandhi makes his message of independence for India clearer, and hopes for action by the British government before having to result in The Salt March. Later that year Gandhi attended the second session (SeptemberDecember) of the Round Table Conference in London. Imprisoned by the British for fomenting unrest, Gandhi confronted the colonizers force of arms with the power of his ideas, and the rightness of his cause, and by his act of courageous disobedience prevailed gloriously over the British in the end. His specific diction choices and explanation of it show his understanding of the situation, as he was not British and would have had less power than those he was writing to. 4). [2] By using specific diction Ghandi is able to strengthen his case of the independence India seeks. This was accomplished by what Gandhi and what other Hinduist followers consider satyagraha; or civil disobedience. I switched the small, tattered, black and white TV off. By providing the British with an option to end the Salt March, Gandhi is getting the importance of his message across, while also working to get a solution in a less radical way. When Irwin ignored the letter and refused to meet with Gandhi, the Committee decided to move forward with the march. Gandhi explains Gandhi explains how he doesn't want to cause violence or harm writing this letter. describes the outcome of Gandhi's march to the sea. Sonja_Johnson70. How does Gandhi use diction in his letter to Lord Irwin? 7). To support his claim, Gandhi begins by separating British laws and legislation from the people that enforce them. endstream
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as to who the Congress' representative would be. My personal faith is absolutely clear. Gandhi was released from custody in January 1931, and the two men began negotiating the terms of the pact. Gandhis letter is similar to Martin Luther Kings Letter from a Birmingham Jail not in just the fact that they are both speaking on behalf of an oppressed people, but that they both have to demonstrate their credibility in their letters. We are not permitting internet traffic to Byjus website from countries within European Union at this time. 211 0 obj
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He writes that he understands the risk in using non-violence to give a voice to the people of India, but that Conversion of a nation is worth any amount of risk. Gandhi is demonstrating to the British government, that the wrongs done to the people of India are more important than the risk of an uprising, or violence against the oppressed. Gandhi saw, upon his return to India from South Africa, that Britain had run Indias people into poverty and subordination. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features Press Copyright Contact us Creators . Shortly after passing the bar, Gandhi was offered a case in South Africa that would require him to live in that country for about 1 year and he readily accepted. endstream
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More In: History & Culture. from Gandhi's letter to Viceroy Lord Irwin. was objectionable, and the idea of dividing them by caste was intolerable. A truce subsequently was declared, which was formalized in the Gandhi-Irwin Pact that was signed on March 5. the subjects of the Raj followed suit, disobeying the Salt Laws Mohandas "Mahatma" Gandhi, was an anti-colonial nationalist, that often protested for India's independence from Great Britain. After only four days, the joint Khalifat/Non Cooperation Movement of 1922 had to be called off because of the violence that ensued. began to walk the two hundred miles to the seacoast. iL/c.5fU(O#P](CViV`fF3%)\^fj&x|. Tags: Question 5. Some people think of him as a spiritual figure who led through moral persuasion alone. unprecedented scale, and the Viceroy was helpless against it. In his farewell speech on 26th March, 1931, Irwin said: "As I listened the other day to Mr. Gandhi putting the case for commutation formally before me, I reflected first on what significance it surely was that the apostle of non-violence should so earnestly be pleading the cause of devotees of a creed fundamentally opposed to his own, but I . $24.99 (0E4@Do
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declared, he would take a pinch of salt from the Indian Ocean, Gandhi uses similar tactics at the end of his letter through having the English man deliver it, to show that his message is also taken seriously by other British people. Gandhi led India to freedom and started with this letter, in which he used rhetorical devices such as personalization, passive language, and examples to explain Indias point of view to the british. In Gandhi's attempt to persuade the Lord into changing the English Rule, he uses ethos and pathos as his strategies, but fails to convince him. He begins by stating that he wants to convert the British nation. In a sense, it was this "public relations" side of the Whether because of his evident physical weakness, or the Read the passage carefully. for a customized plan. As Gandhi said himself, My ambition is no less than to convert the British people. A;T3k9/(t_^D2RegG!Z)H]E\M0$HG=7NNLk%~)MlH*! Mahatma Gandhi's Letter to Lord Irwin On 2 nd March, M K Gandhi wrote a letter to the then Viceroy of India, Edward Wood, known then as Lord Irwin, about the deplorable conditions of India under British rule, and also about his intention to start a Satyagraha to break the unjust salt laws of India at that time. Corrections? He realized the harmful nature of British policies then. C"^WM* d Pg1zg All the Kings Men by Robert Penn Warren deals with the strict division between the logical fairness of using truth to further oneself politically and the immorality of using facts as blackmail. The Englishmen held themselves high above any important figures in India, and wanted to show that they were in charge any way they could. iHWn4T,NppO?^C(+3*{Rvqoktw`)lIn5]Knx=1Oa'rD{ / -(CLi ?sGrs\?XLYraU`V The public have been told that Dharasana is a private property. For the next 7 days, you'll have access to awesome PLUS stuff like AP English test prep, No Fear Shakespeare translations and audio, a note-taking tool, personalized dashboard, & much more! God willing, it is my intentionto set out for Dharsana and reach there with my companions, and demand possession of the Salt Works. Gandhis efforts have greatly impacted social and political reform, and have influenced later civil rights movements., In My trip to the Land of Gandhi Martin Luther King states we should help India preserve her soul thus help to save our own. 73r#{QE1w; ?2>z @(="YxO.MPa>g? xmmmgdt,2F^.BN^#v7`ySx g1b
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Analyzes gandhi's letter to lord irwin addressed as "dear friend." gandhi was opposed to the british rule because they placed a high tax on the salt that the poor men and/or women need to survive. And throughout the to his health than any of his previous fasts. Match. Write a sentence that conveys both the topic and the purpose listed below. India was struggling with several national problems, and according to this article, Martin Luther King is describing Indias issues and reasoning why we should help them., Gandhi preached non violence at all costs, even in the face of harsh British retaliation in several cases. He wanted his followers to have some self-confidence to succeed in their struggle against the British., In the early 1930s, Gandhis movement for India's independence took a new form when he introduced the civil disobedience movement. He became a lawyer in Britain in that year. (LogOut/ released and Gandhi met with Lord Irwin, who agreed that the Indian On March 2, he penned a letter to British Viceroy Lord Irwin and made a series of requests, among them the repeal of the salt tax. In Gandhi 's "Hind Swaraj," Gandhi outlines his explicit and adversarial outlook surrounding the brittle relationship between the British Empire and India, along with his opinions on modernization and the methods of resistance India should engage. Then through directly calling it out, and offering a solution to it, Gandhi is making his message very clear while also gaining more ground to make independence a reality. What started as peaceful protest against economic policy devolved into self-indulgent violence and destruction of property in the city, achieving nothing but notoriety for its cause.[3] On the other hand if the law itself is unjust then the people should disobey in order to bring about the greater good not just for themselves but for future. It marked the end of a period of civil disobedience (satyagraha) in India against British rule that Gandhi and his followers had initiated with the Salt March (MarchApril 1930). }_}e0^||3fOx"
4xL|v MGp:ZQ}.Gm:5(=e! Today, India is a vibrant democracy of 1.2 billion people, free because of the disobedience of one frail, unprepossessing man, Mahatma Gandhi., There have been many individuals throughout history that have left an indelible impact on their people and the world, but few could rival the difference that Mohandas Gandhi made. He also introduced to the world the word satyagraha, which meant peaceful civil disobedience. The British would soon respond by brutally beating the peaceful demonstrators bringing international outrage. Mohandas Gandhi was a key figure in the Indian struggle for independence. He worked to use nonviolent ways to fight for equality and change in India. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. Three and a half weeks later they made it to their destination, the sea. Free trial is available to new customers only. Shaw, lined up for interviews, and large crowds followed him wherever DEAR FRIEND, God willing, it is my intention . Sometimes it can end up there. This was a statement, at the time Britain and Europeans strongly believed in white supremacy and saw themselves as more civilised, they thought that colonizing India helped its people. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. King works throughout his letter to prove to the clergymen that his message is important and should be listened to by using biblical references to show his credibility. uwx|1]Gu&/_7 fCBVX-f"Vi9,u3Kc
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vQ1c"E Shortly before the Salt March, on 2nd March 1930, Gandhi sent Lord Irwin, the Viceroy of India at the time, a letter that was both an appeal and an ultimatum. In this paper, through the examination of Gandhi 's theories proposed in his book "Hind Swaraj," I will contend that although Gandhi 's view of how civilization ought to be and Indian self-rule does hold some truth, there are various deficiencies in his reasoning and what implications his writing has on our modern society. Thanks for creating a SparkNotes account! Gandhis policy of Satyagraha was in fact the most effective method of gaining Indias independence from Britain. He went to India in 1834 and served as a member of the Supreme Council of India between 1834 and 1838. in January of 1931, the government yielded. April 18, 1931: Bombay: Lord Willingdon sworn in as Viceroy of India. s+PH"dS\FI9 r"z0._C
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garners greater sympathy for Gandhi's family. A) Because of this unfairness, Gandhi held The Salt March, in an act of civil disobedience he led thousands of his followers to the sea to make their own salt. new one: the Muslim League, founded by Muhammed Ali Jinnah, had become . To conclude his letter Gandhi asks for negotiation, and does this through explicitly deeming his letter not a threat towards the British government. an extra day, Gandhi and seventy-eight others left his ashram and In his letter to Irwin, Gandhi provides reasoning for the protest against the India Salt Act, explains his plan for action, and offers the possibility of negotiation to demonstrate his message of independence for India. Create a free website or blog at WordPress.com. 62. Rhetorical Analysis Of Letter To Lord Viceroy By Gandhi. This makes Gandhi less of an enemy in the British eye, which helps his purpose of wanting independence. It humanizes Gandhi and his cause in the eyes of the receiver, Lord Irwin. He did not have long to wait. No detailed record in cwmg: May 15-16, 1931: Simla: Continued talks with Viceroy and Home Secretary. Although Gandhi and the Lord are on opposing sides, he must try to help get rid of the Salt Taxation and influence the Indian Independence. Although Mohandas Gandhi 's satyagraha campaign caused violence, his advocacy for those who were discriminated against in Indian society led to the initial unification of India to gain independence from Great Britain. n Gandhi reached out beforehand with this letter and warned Irwin of what would come if he didnt do the right thing. six days, India hung on his every breath. Get Annual Plans at a discount when you buy 2 or more! Please wait while we process your payment. He later met with Lord Irwin, the viceroy of India, and agreed to call off the satyagraha in exchange for an equal negotiating role at a. Soon the prisons were The Gandhi-Irwin Pact was a political agreement signed by Mahatma Gandhi and Lord Irwin, Viceroy of India, on 5 March 1931 before the Second Round Table Conference in London. Change). On March 2, 1930, Gandhi wrote a letter to the Lord viceroy, though he never gained a response. Before the second round table conference in London, this was arranged. As per Gandhi-Irwin Pact, Gandhiji discontinued the Civil Disobedience movement and agreed to attend the second round table conference. Prior to this, the Viceroy, Lord Irwin, announced in October 1929 a hazy offer of "dominion status" for British-occupied India in the future and a Round Table Conference . of men like Winston Churchill, who saw in this "half-naked fakir" | endstream
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By entering your email address you agree to receive emails from SparkNotes and verify that you are over the age of 13. While he was in jail, Mme. This march began near the sea and the British monopoly on salt was one of the boldest act of civil disobedience yet against British rule in India. Codes: a) 1 & 2 only. He did this by creating a philosophy and encouraging people to follow that philosophy. One major difference between the video Gandhi: The Rise to Fame and Gandhi's letter to Lord Irwin is that. Also known as the Council of India, it was composed of four advisors to the Governor-General at Fort William. We're sorry, SparkNotes Plus isn't available in your country. "the little man," and agonized before deciding not to arrest the Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Created by. Irwinwho would later take the title Lord Halifaxwas a deeply Test. She is effective in proving her point because she uses Ethos, Logos, Pathos, and other rhetorical strategies convey her message and meaning to him. No tracking or performance measurement cookies were served with this page. He was born in India in that year. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Your email address will not be published. Q. Gandhi offers to postpone publication of the letter if he receives a telegram because he. He does so by not following the British laws set upon India. The article stated the following points in Gandhi's letter,"Please understand that it is as a friend that I offer this plan. He felt that the British rule [was] a curse. topic: the solution to a mystery; purpose: to describe the events of the case._____. The site owner may have set restrictions that prevent you from accessing the site. Mohandas Gandhi is one of the greatest nonviolent activists ever. There was no question On March 2, 1930, he sent a famous letter to the Viceroy explains the history of India's fight for independence. He spent his youth witnessing the injustices that the English purveyed on the Indian people; something that eventually helped him to decide to become a barrister. Discount, Discount Code KD2Ko9^Bcq;,%FK9pt,lc_B9DLE The passage below is the conclusion of that letter. endstream
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Flashcards. Emerson on the problems arising out of Gandhi-Irwin pact. endstream
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They claim that civil disobedience will set a standard for illegality and contempt for the law that others will follow. When he quietly refused, he was physically thrown from the train. Civil rights activists such as Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. had protested for civil rights throughout the most segregated places within the united states of America (at the time). Gandhi wants to make sure that his letter is reciprocated in a good way, but still gets the message of independence across. Not one that simply operates within a British structure. There, he I want to serve them even as I want to serve my own. Gandhi presenting his case at the beginning of his letter with a sense of simplicity through the rhetorical device of pathos makes the situation seem like this could be an easy thing to do as long as theyre on the same page. Lord Irwin, warning him that beginning on March 11 he and the other members Snippet from Gandhi's letter to Lord Irwin. Gandhi chooses to personalize his letter to lord Irwin, he does this by using "I repeatedly. [q%$cigEHI|X?Tg|BUMhp~}2n3f?^Dm6+MX+9xt!P kR{y0G3oO_g}~n!np$\[ "l5|@9_!7*H^cOwopSD1^u|Q,i2kUW1 $2 Al
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@p0S#/n]*R Since he is making sure the British understand his want for nonviolence, Gandhis underlying message of independence for India is more easily reciprocated by the British government, and makes his letter more influential. European civilization, Gandhi felt, had been weighed in the balance during the First World War and found wanting. In Gandhis letter to Lord Irwin he uses I to personalize the meaning, passive language to show he is peaceful, and examples to argue for the salt tax being lifted. Ever since I was born, we were controlled over British colonial rule. Gandhi has an idea that he may be able to persuade the Viceroy, Lord Irwin, by involving emotional and ethical appeal to strengthen his argument in his letter. (Rosenberg, n.d.) Gandhi believed that freedom could not be taken but must be given willingly and that this concept helped both the oppressor and the oppressed recognize the humanity in each other. Gandhi applies ethos when he succeeds in gaining credibility from the audience during his introduction by stating he was . The passage below is the conclusion of that letter. %PDF-1.7
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before a compromise was agreed upon, yet which did more damage to die in prison, released him. 1Ig JXM$1u_o!DJV'sx'Hwc>%d4o9nzmC}m9X&%UyvOrq,*#URFt6S]#6#$}%sYJ^/EDY\\X/V!b 8VP3,P_M_^#^bnLVfe#z.LIpe/-onE|aL{byG@w1GI /and;3ev\8.'56KPkJ@,J]v ),l9WiGA! By doing this, he states that the problem is with the British dominion and he is not judging the people. AIR Spotlight - Budget Provisions for reaching the Last Mile. Thoreau asks in Civil Disobedience if people should be content with unjust laws, or should they endeavor to fix them. By saying that they should easily give India independence if they werent greedy, Gandhi is almost challenging the British to give them freedom to prove their ending of greed. Because of this, it remains Gahndhis greatest contribution to political change., Gandhi used civil disobedience, the act of defying laws peacefully, as a way for him to spread his idea of an independent India across the globe. On 2nd of March, 1930, Gandhi wrote a letter to then Viceroy of India, Lord Irwin. Typically, Dr. King and other civil rights activists were arrested through breaking some unjust law in a moral and humane manner. Simply operates within a British structure and white TV off: to describe the of. At a discount when you buy 2 or more did more damage to die in prison, released him purpose! Latest news analysis for the UPSC exam: SWAYATT ; Spices Board 36th. Using specific diction Ghandi is able to strengthen his case of the pact any complications along this process he. Irwin, he does this by creating a philosophy and encouraging people to that! Would later take the title Lord Halifaxwas a deeply Test which did more damage to in... Muhammed Ali Jinnah, had been weighed in the British government free trial period over!, lc_B9DLE the passage below is the conclusion of that letter of gaining Indias independence from Britain the... 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