effects of bihar earthquake 1934effects of bihar earthquake 1934

Rajendran, C. P., John, B., Rajendran, K., & Sanwal, J. Disasters Nepal Ko Maha Bhukampa (The Great Earthquake of Nepal) (pp. . Half of all electric lines would be knocked out. (5.2 MB PDF) Downloads. efficacy test has been carried out by considering macroseismic intensity map of 1833 and 1934 Bihar-Nepal earthquake (shown in Fig. Publ. Burrard S 1934 Ground levels in Bihar in relation to the earthquake of January 15, 1934; Nature(London) 133 582-583. Superintendent, Government Printing, Bihar and Orissa, Patna, 1935. It is said that the epicentral region is close to this area and the North Bihar is a region of great under-load arising from very density in the crust and because of the low density of the alluvium of the Ganges Valley. This damage was barely noted in the first British expedition to approach Everest from the south a year after the earthquake. Also, the templesof Pashupatinath, Bouddhanath & Soyambhunath escaped any damage. Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth, 115. The town of Madhepura had subsided and buildings had cracked. Journal of Geophysical Research, 82, 29452969. Extensive damage was caused to life and property. Poignantly, in 1934, the country's parliamentat the time, a rump body under his thumbpassed a law endowing him with . The earthquake shocks of magnitude 5 to 6 have been recorded in the Garhwal region in 1803, 1809, 1816, 1966, the Executive Director of the APEC Collaboration for Earthquake Simulations. India As of 27 April 2015 at 4:14 p.m., Indian Home Minister Rajnath Singh,confirmed that56 people died in the state of Bihar,12 in Uttar Pradesh,3 in West Bengal and 1 in Rajasthan. The above estimation of epicentre is based on teleseismic observations. GeoPlanet: Earth and Planetary Sciences. This quake took place in January, but the intensity was very high, with a magnitude. Gutenberg B and Richter C F 1954 Seismicity of the Earth and Associated Phenomena; Princeton University Press, Princeton, 310pp. The Earthquake had hit chiefly the wealthy and middle classes in the urban areas. But the study of distribution and the various causes of damage showed that if faults ruptured in northern India, then the locations of such faults are not verified by the distribution of intensity observed. The three major towns of the Kathmandu Valley in NepalKathmandu, Bhaktapur and Patanwere severely affected and almost all the buildings collapsed. Required fields are marked *. Liquefaction studies using trench excavations at locations known to have suffered liquefaction in 1934 (Sukhija et al., 2002) . 15 Feb, 2021, 11.19 PM IST. A correlation between shaking intensity and the degree of subsidence may exist, probably influenced by sediment thickness. Burrard, S. (1934). Effects of Tapered Flange: (i) Bolted Connection: Bolt . 3. Heres The Truth! Bomford, G. (1937). Hough, S., & Bilham, R. (2008). 483, pp. Survey of India, Calcuta (391 pp). Res. Earthquake Forecasting and Hazard Analysis, This earthquake incident has left very bad impression on the people of Bihar state as per, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1934_Bihar_earthquake. A brick arch bridge between the civil lines and the old town was also fractured. Google Scholar. Darbhanga and Laheriasarai had similar damages and the buildings belonging to the Darbhanga Raj were very badly affected. On Monday the 15th January 1934 Calcutta experienced an earthquake shock of fair intensity which lasted for over three minutes. 1935 A report on the Bihar Earthquake and on the measures taken in consequence thereof up to the 31st December 1934. , Relief Commissioner, Bihar and Orissa. Kathmandu: "Historic Earthquakes Bihar, India Nepal", "Challenges of Low-to-Moderate Seismicity in India", "When Tagore accused Gandhi of superstition", "Suggesting religious reasons for quakes isn't new: Mahatma Gandhi did that in 1934", "Freedom Fighter Dr Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi remembered on Republic Day", " : ! Also, the strong emphasis on the destruction in India left the impression that epicenter of 1934 Bihar-Nepal earthquake laid not within the Himalaya but south of the range, in the plains of India. Rizza, M., Bollinger, L., Sapkota, S. N., Tapponnier, P., Klinger, Y., Karaka, ., et al. Today, over 60% of the country lies in the three higher seismic zones (III, IV and V of Indian Seismic Code (e.g. The country is one of the 20 most threatened countries in the world. ISSN 1476-4687 (online) Kathmandu valley was severely damaged in that earthquake. Sukhija, B. S., Rao, M. N., Reddy, D. V., Nagabhushanam, P., Kumar, D., Lakshmi, B. V., & Sharma, P. (2002). Magnitude calibration of north Indian earthquakes. Rana, B. S. (2013). Soc. Lett. January 1934 earthquake in India andNepal. The estimated economic loss due to this quake is placed at around Rs.22,000 Crores. [5] Extensive liquefaction of the ground took place over a length of 300km (called the slump belt) during the earthquake, in which many structures went afloat. Wesnousky, S. G., Kumahara, Y., Chamlagain, D. K., Pierce, I. K., Reddy, T., Angster, S., & Giri, B. The shock of the Great Earthquake of Bihar from the preceding rumbling sound lasted for about 3 to 5 minutes and in that brief period about 10,000 persons were killed and extensive damages to buildings, roads, bridges, railway tracks and cultivation fields were caused. Everest. Loss estimates were conducted for the road, water, electricity, and telephone systems and for typical structures. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); At this moment, there are still a few COVID-19 variants, Have you ever considered that there were even more dangerous, Are Covid Vaccinations really THAT Safe? Minimum rupture length had been estimated as 100 Km. Floods were there in the rivers carrying dirty waters. Everest. The earthquake was so severe that in Kolkata, around 650km (404mi) from epicenter, many buildings were damaged and the tower of St. Paul's Cathedral collapsed. Read Steve's blog. Around 4.300 people died and roughly 20% of all buildings were destroyed and another 40% got damaged. Baffin Bay Earthquake Canada November 20, 1933, The COVID Variant You Might STILL Get in Some States, 4 Viral Threats Worse Than the New Coronavirus, COVID Aftermath: 2 DEVASTATING Side Effects of the Vaccine, 10 Foods That Can Have a Devastating Effect on You, 10 Contagious Diseases Worse Than COVID-19, 6 Deadly Bioweapons the US Has Faced in the Past, 11 Devastatingly Easy Ways To Lose Weight, 8 Common Things Devastated By Coronavirus. - 1st January, 1930". In addition, possible death and injury figures were estimated by looking at statistics from previous comparable earthquakes in other parts of the world. The earthquake that occurred in the afternoon (2:13pm, IST) of January 15, 1934 (Mw 8.2), is one of the strongest among the twentieth century Himalayan events. M8.7 Assam earthquake, 1905 M8.6 Kangra earthquake, 1934 M8.4 Bihar-Nepal earthquake and the 1950 M8.6 Assam-Tibet earthquake. Its rupture length was estimated to be 1,200 miles. It is officially estimated that the flood-affected area of Bihar has increased from 2.5 million hectares in 1954 to 7.3 million hectares in 2016. The great Earthquake of 1934 led to drastic changes in the Building Codes and specifications. gave employment to the labouring classes while the excellence of the Rabi crops in the flooded areas compensated the common cultivator for the loss of his badhai harvest. Also, the length of rupture zone along east-west had been estimated as 200 100 Km. There was no reliable statistics of the loss to the property in money equivalent. The human casualty in Monghyr was very severe. According to a report on the Bihar Earthquake and measures taken in consequence thereof up to 31 December, 1934, brought out by the then provincial Bihar government in 1935, public and residential building were practically razed in Munger, Darbhanga and Muzaffarpur districts. To his credit Mr. Salim has more than 400 published articles on history, politics, culture and literature in English and Hindi. Surv. This illustrates the large temporal change in potential seismic risks in a few years. Wesnousky, S. G., Kumahara, Y., Chamlagain, D., Pierce, I. K., Karki, A., & Gautam, D. (2017a). 1.Bihar Earthquake, 1934 This quake is considered to be one of the worst quakes in Indian history. which caused irreparable damage to human structures. Ground levels in Bihar in relation to the earthquake of January 15 1934. Using the above reasoning we constrain the 1934 western edge of the Nepal rupture to 85.5 +/- 0.2 degrees East and its western edge to 87.0 +/- 0.2 degE a distance of about 160 km with the caveat that its location may be in error by more than 25 km to the east or west. In Bhagalpur district many buildings collapsed. The damage caused by the Bihar earthquake of 15 January, 1934, measuring 8.4 on Richter scale, include 10,700 human deaths, landslides and slumping in an area of 250 km length and 60 km width, ruptures and faults in the ground surface etc. Geol. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 494, 216225. the Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, UC Santa Cruz. Liquefaction record of the great 1934 earthquake predecessors from the north Bihar alluvial plains of India. Fig-2 (Map of Kathmandu Valley showing intensity of damage occured in 1934 Earthquake. and JavaScript. Liquefaction record of the great 1934 earthquake predecessors from the north Bihar alluvial plains of India. Geodetic Branch Survey of India (p. 97). Such earthquake related casualties are due to the cumulative effect of the intensity of ground movement, the vulnerability of slopes . 4 259-277. Site Response of the Ganges Basin inferred from re-evaluated Macroseismic Observations from the M8.1 Shillong 1897, M7.8 Kangra 1905 and 1934 Nepal M8.1 earthquakes. The buildings along the riverfront in Patna or Bhagalpur suffered very badly. S. K. BANERJI . The buildings along the riverfront in Patna or Bhagalpur suffered very badly. Pandey, M. R., & Molnar, P. (1988). Introduction Time & date : 8:46 am 26 January 2001 Place : Bhuj, Gujarat Magnitude : 7.9 Intensity : X Epicenter : 23.419N 70.232E Focal length : 23 kms Season : Winter Damages : Over 18,600 persons are dead and over 167,000 injured. If an earthquake of magnitude 1934 is reported at this time, one can estimate 40,000 dead, 90,000 injured and between 6,000,000 and 9,000,000 homeless are expected. 1a, b) and PGA-European Macroseismic Scale (EMS, Grnthal 1998) relation. Am. Some houses are made by entirely made of brick, and others have reinforced concrete frames and brick infill. It caused the widespread damage in Central and Eastern part of Nepal & in Northern India. New quake hits Turkey, toppling more buildings: 1 killed Officials say a magnitude 5.6 earthquake shook southern Turkey causing some damaged buildings to collapse and killing at least one person Feb. 25, 2023, 9:00 AM ET (AP) Turkey launches investigation into 612 people after quake Estimating the return times of great Himalayan earthquakes in eastern Nepal: evidence from the Patu and Bardibas strands of the main frontal thrust. Himalayan tectonics: A modern synthesis. Avouac J P 2003 Mountain Building, Erosion, and the Seismic Cycle in the Nepal Himalaya; Adv. The earthquake had removed many antiquated buildings and was directly responsible for the construction of numerous modern buildings, roads and bridges in which cement, steel and reinforced concrete played an important role. were researched. Rana, B. S. (1935). The North Bihar Earthquake, 1934. Motihari suffered severely and most of the Government buildings, school and hospital were damaged. Feldl N and Bilham R 2006 Great Himalayan Earthquakes and the Tibetan Plateau; Nature 444 165-170, doi:10.1038/nature05199. Zones like Dharan, Sindhuli, Udayapur and Bhojpur were severely damaged. Most of the Government buildings in Laheriasarai town had collapsed. With a magnitude of about 8.1 to 8.3, the event destroyed thousands of structures, along with the cities of Munger and Muzaffarpur. 4, pp. The reported earthquake location falls to the south of the Main Boundary . doi:10.1007/s00190- 006-0030-3. Nepals only international airport would be inaccessible. http://goo.gl/TLJKhQ http://bit.ly/2bgLGS7 penambangan yang terdapat dalam keadaan murni atau bercampur dengan unsur-unsur seperti karbon, sulfur, fosfor, silikon, serta kotoran seperti tanah liat, pasir, dan tanah. In the future, large earthquakes will again rupture along the Himalayan front. News from the most affected region arrived only two or three days later. Officers of the Geological Survey of India officers compiled a memoir on the earthquake (Dunn et al. Accounts of damage where shaking was most intense suggest a similar intensity distribution to that observed during the Bihar 1934 earthquake with the principal exception that the 1833 event caused widespread liquefaction. Wesnousky, S. G., Kumahara, Y., Nakata, T., Chamlagain, D., & Neupane, P. (2018). The northern edge of the rupture probably follows the line of microseismicity identified as the transition between the shallow-locked and downdip-creeping Indian plate at 15-19 km depth (Bettinelli et al 2006; Bollinger et al 2007), i.e. Nepal is exposed to several recurring hazards. On Monday the 15th January 1934 Calcutta experienced an earthquake shock of fair intensity which lasted for over three minutes. Even in Bihar province, affected parts were northern and central areas. Some river beds had moved away from their direction and Captain L. E. Whitehead, Pilot Superintendent of I. G. Navigation Company stated that the water was 2 feet 6 inches deeper over 5 shoals between Colgong and Goalunda. Soc. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 124, 91829207. Glorious Sacrifices of Bihar during Quit India Movement 1942 : In Numbers. Copyright 2023 Devastating Disasters.com | Powered by, Bihar Earthquake India January 15, 1934. Active faulting south of the himalayan front: Establishing a new plate boundary. Read John's blog. The towns to the south of the river Ganges like Patna, Bhagalpur, and Gaya escaped with lighter damages. Current Science, 69, 101127. Damages & Casualties were reported to be higher in Nepal than in India. Mitigation Measures for Earthquakes in India Presently, he works as a freelance/ independent history researcher, writer and works at www.awazthevoice.in, On January, 15th, 1934, at about 2.13 p.m the, took place involving severe disaster throughout North Bihar and affecting parts of South Bihar. Gutenberg, B., & Richter, C. F. (1954). Himalayan earthquakes: A review of historical seismicity and early 21st century slip potential. 79 1237-1250. This study focusses on the performance of structures during earthquake and aftermath, causes and possible preventive measures by reviewing four case studies related to the same. (2019). ISSN 0028-0836 (print). IS 1893 Part 1 [1]) and only about 3 % of . It was felt in northern India, where additional deaths and damage were reported. In Nepal, 8519 people lost their lives whereas in India 7188 people lost their lives. Res. India Geol. Geophys. https://doi.org/10.1038/136485b0. The paper emphases the importance of seismic consideration, methodical analysis . Molnar, P., & Deng, Q. quake (1905), Bihar-Nepal earthquake (1934), and the Assam earthquake (1950) as well as several moderate earthquakes, e.g. Nepal Science, 307, 13021305. The 1934 Bihar-Nepal earthquake had a magnitude of 8.1 and caused 12,000 deaths in Nepal and India combined. This is not an exception. Duvall, M., Waldron, J. W. F., Godin, L., & Najman, Y. In Balaju and Sankhamul area of Kathmandu, roads even subsided by 2-3 feet. The areas of greatest damage stretched from Kathmandu to Munger in the North-South direction, and from Purnea to Champaran in the East-West direction. A brick arch bridge between the civil lines and the old town was also fractured. Pilots flyng over the meizoseismal area reported great changes in topography; this was largely due to enormous slides, some of which were photographed. Overall, lesser casualties were there due to majority of temporary type construction of bamboos in Terai Belt. The impact was reported to be felt in Lhasa to Mumbai, and from Assam to Punjab. Seismic moments of major earthquakes and the average rate of slip in central Asia. The largest instrumentally recorded earthquake within a radius of 300 km happened on 15. Kathmandu Valley that includes Kathmandu, Lalitpur, & Bhaktapur (Bhadgaon then) districts was severely damaged. On January 15, 1934, a great earthquake struck Bihar, India causing between 10,000 to 30,000 deaths [1]. Another important result of the Earthquake was the creation of the Waterways Division in Bihar. Bihar Earthquake, 1934. B. Rana (1935) indicates that severe shaking occurred in eastern Nepal. the locking line of Feldl and Bilham (2006). J. Int. , - . Peculiarly enough in 1833 there was another big Earthquake causing havoc in North Bihar. http://bit.ly/2bO3W3i. https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JB003309. Damage to a man-made structure. 4. For this reason the earthquake appears on many maps in the the wrong location (almost 200 km too far south).The reason for this was partly due to its misleading early instrumental location, partly due to the sedimentary basin amplification of seismic waves south of the epicenter, which resulted in massive damage near the Ganges, and partly due to the exclusion of foreigners from Nepal (1815 to 1950) which lead to much of the damage in Nepal in not being recognized. 3.3 BIHAR - NEPAL EARTHQUAKE OF 1934 This 8.4 magnitude earthquake occurred on January 15, 1934 at around 2:13 PM and caused wide-spread damage in the northern Bihar and in Nepal (GSI, 1939). The shock in a less intense form was felt in Bengal, Assam, United Provinces (Uttar Pradesh) and on the Peninsula as far as Bombay. 1934 Mw 8.1 Bihar/Nepal earthquake 15 January 1934, Wu F, Sheehan A, Huang G C and Monsalve G 2003 Source mechanisms, seismicity, and velocity structures in the Himalayan region; Indo-US Workshop on Seismicity and Geodynamics 49 Hyderabad, Journal of Earth System Science. The total casualties was about 10,000 people in the area and many thousands were injured by the falling debris. Overcoming the odds How Babur Arafat brought Pride to India. Topographic map of india depicts the epicentral locations of three large earthquakes; 1803 Uttaranchal earthquake (Mw 7.5); 1934 Bihar-Nepal earthquake (Mw 8.1) and 2001 Bhuj earthquake (Mw 7.7), marked as filled stars and the locations of the affected areas considered for the study (marked as rectangles).Most of the study areas are located on the river banks as well as on the alluvial . Bollinger L, Perrier F, Avouac J P, Sapkota S, Gautam U and Tiwari D R 2007 Seasonal modulation of seismicity in the Himalaya of Nepal; Geophys. The shock of the Great Earthquake of Bihar from the preceding rumbling sound lasted for about 3 to 5 minutes and in that brief period. 13,414 buildings were severely damaged and 11,604 buildings were completely destroyed. Bilham, R. (1995). 3. Geophys. He A. Dunn and three assistants were sent to the areas chiefly affected. excessive rain during the earthquakes cause damage to the bridges. Earthquakes occur when a fault slips suddenly as a result of excessive stresses generated by tectonic processes, thus contributing to the deformation of the earths surface. Causes behind Misinterpretation in location of Epicenter. The quake was felt at far-off places such as Kanpur (440 km south-east from the Impact Summary; The problem of the permanent drainage of the area was sought to be tackled by this Division and they had the rich material of the work of the Survey of India who had run flying levels over the areas. Thus much of the damage in northern India was not due to high ground acceleration there but rather due to surface disruption of the earths surfacial layers. Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute (tokyo Imperial University), 13(2), 426. The great 1934 Himalayan earthquake of moment magnitude (Mw) 8.1 generated a large zone of ground failure and liquefaction in north Bihar, India, in addition to the earthquakes of 1833 (Mw ~7.7) and. The buildings of Darbhanga Raj, including the famous Navlakha Palace, were severely damaged. Bihar earthquake 1934 6,000 . To obtain This last event occurred within the circular region itself, as indicated by the small yellow marker. The maximum Mercalli Intensity was estimated about XI, on a scale of I to XII. A low-magnitude earthquake hit parts of Bihar on Monday night, though no damage was reported. alluvial plain of Bihar (India) and Nepal, and the hilly regions of eastern Himalayan ranges. The 1934 Bihar earthquake is considered as one of the disastrous earthquakes in the history of the nation. Kumar, S., Wesnousky, S. G., Rockwell, T. K., Ragona, D., Thakur, V. C., & Seitz, G. G. (2001). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4748-2_11, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4748-2_11, eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0). Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in As this earthquake occurred in the early afternoon, when most people were outdoors, only 12,000 people were killed. The majority of deaths and injuries reported due to earthquake in Bihar have been not mainly due to the falling structure on people, but also due to panic, cardiac arrest and stampede. to Chitawan. Did Trump Ruin America for Good? These hilly regions suffered from massive lanslides, ground fissures and formation of springs. On January 15, 1934, a great earthquake struck Bihar, India causing between 10,000 to 30,000 deaths [1]. Peculiarly enough the damages were more in the part of the town to the north of the Railway station. Unfortunately, more large and great earthquakes can be expected in the future, with resulting damage and injuries. 1934 Bihar Earthquake (click photos to enlarge): The last entry in GTG's service record states "Resigned commission in A.I.R.O. [14] Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi, an eminent freedom fighter, worked extensively in the earthquake relief operations. The 7.9-magnitude earthquake that struck Nepal and neighbouring Indian states on Saturday, leaving a massive trail of death and devastation, jolted memories of the catastrophic 1934 tragedy, which had claimed several thousands of human lives on both sides of the Himalayas. Different effects are observed in western Nepal (see figures in Additional file 1 ). Though many of their lower marks have survived, no systematic remeasurement was possible after the earthquake, and none has been attempted subsequently. New observations disagree with previous interpretations of surface rupture along the himalayan frontal thrust during the great 1934 Bihar-Nepal earthquake. The High Court and the Government House were damaged severely. Bihar is located in the high seismic zone that falls on the boundary of the tectonic plate joining the Himalayan tectonic plate near the Bihar-Nepal Border and has six sub-surface fault lines moving towards the Gangetic planes in four directions. Its unpredictable nature can cause multiple hazards such as ground motion, ground shaking, site effects, ground displacement, fire, . Roads and lands were fissured out at many places with emergence of water & sands too. Seeber L and Armbruster J G 1981 Great detachment earthquakes along the Himalayan arc and long-term forecasting; In: Earthquake Prediction - an International Review (eds) Simpson D W and Richards P G, Maurice Ewing Series, Am. A.. It was the worst that ever occurred in that country. The damage to the sugar mills rendered most of them unworkable at a time when Bihar had a bumper sugarcane crop and the crushing had started was a problem. This 8.0 magnitude earthquake occurred on 15 January 1934 at around 2:13pm IST (08:43 UTC) and caused widespread damage in northern Bihar and in Nepal. Explaining the 1934 Bihar-Nepal Earthquake: The Role of Science, Astrology, and Rumours. [5], A particular phenomenon of the earthquake was that sand and water vents appeared throughout the central vents of the earthquake area. (1984). It is peculiar that the effect of the Great Earthquake on the economic condition of the common man was, however, not bad. Except for the portions of Champaran and North Muzaffarpur, there was no severe flood in any of the Earthquake affected areas. In a speech in Bihar Gandhi attributed the suffering, damage and the loss of life incurred in the earthquake to divine chastisement for India's failure to eradicate the concept of the caste of untouchables. The Waterways Division starting from Tirhut has now been extended and forms one of the main flanks in the Engineering Department of Bihar Government. Examines details of Gorkha earthquake, including geo-seismicity, damage statistics, casualties, effect on cultural heritage, gender-risk mechanics, case studies of social institutions,. An appraisal of damage by Pandey and Molnar (1988) based on a translation of a contemporary damage published in Nepali by Major Brahma Sumsher J. . In our field survey, 46 % of buildings were totally collapsed and 16 % were partially collapsed. 1988 A.D. / 2045 B.S. 1934-01-15 08:43:25 UTC 8.0 magnitude, 15 km depth Lahn, Eastern Region, Nepal 8.0 magnitude earthquake 1934-01-15 08:43:25 UTC at 08:43 January 15, 1934 UTC Status and action to be taken Status and action to be taken under Graded Response Action Plan in Delhi NCR: EPCA Press Conference, Order of the National Green Tribunal regarding blast at JSPL's Raigarh plant, 28/02/2023, Fist fights and clashes at public hearing for coal mine project of Jindal Steel, Indian states' electricity transition (SET), Why banning the fossil fuel industry from climate change negotiations may not be necessary, National Knowledge Commission Government of India, India Environment Portal by Centre for Science and Environment. Thank you for visiting nature.com. The Great Earthquake in Nepal (1934 A.D.). Due to convergence of Indian and Tibetan plates seismicity in Himalaya region has been higher always. Pandey M R and Molnar P 1988 The distribution of intensity of the Bihar-Nepal earthquake of 15 January 1934 and bounds on the extent of the rupture zone; J. Geol. the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in The clock in the tower of the Secretariat stopped at 2.16 p.m. Whereas areas like Dhankuta, Sindhupalchowk, Rasuwagadhi, Chainpur, Taplejung also suffered damage. (2013). (1981). Landslides and rock falls were triggered, destroying more than 4,600 dwellings and many temples, but apparently resulted in fewer than five hundred fatalities. At Lakhisarai the water was observed to recede from mid-stream and sand gushed up the exposed bed of the river. 13-National Earthquake Safety Day, 2011, Nepal. He wrote that the Bihar earthquake was providential retribution for India's failure to eradicate untouchability. Using Chen and Molnar's (1977) relocated epicenter and the region of maximum shaking intensity and subsidence as proxy measures of the centroid of the 1934 earthquake we conclude that the rupture propagated from east to west. The Covid-19 pandemic has, We should all know that the proper preparation of food, Since COVID-19 entered our lives, we found ourselves looking for, Infectious diseases are definitely one of the most frightening weapons, At the beginning of the global coronavirus pandemic, our nations, As the latest wave of the coronavirus pandemic sweeps across, Many Americans will remember Donald Trumps presidency as a four-year-long, FBI records show a 30% spike in murder rates, the, Nations tend to focus on their military defeats as long, What were the most impactful moments in history? India 31, 104 pp.79. 3. Auden) from the Geological Survey of India visited Kathmandu, which had been severely shaken. Your email address will not be published. Nature (London), 582583. 110 1010-1027. Major The Postal Savings Bank showed an appreciable increase in the deposits. U. The towns of Munger and Muzaffarpur were completely destroyed. A glaring example of distortion was seen in the screw pile bridge at Champanagar where the central piles moved south, downstream, as much as 7 feet 8 inches but remained more or less vertical. Abstract The Himalaya has experienced three great earthquakes during the last century1934 Nepal-Bihar, 1950 Upper Assam, and arguably the 1905 Kangra. Railway tracks were buckled or twisted, bridges collapsed or distorted and telephone posts uprooted and hundreds of bunds had fissured. First published on Sat 25 Apr 2015 16.53 EDT. Nepal 5 22-44. - 202.3.109.12. 73 1-391. In 2016, floods affected over 2.2 million people along the Ganga, including in Bihar's capital Patna, despite 14% less than average rainfall in the state. In contrast to Indian region, damage in Nepal was clearly due to ground shaking; and as per the reports, it was comparable or even higher than in northern India. The source characteristics of Gorkha earthquake show that the maximum slip of 5 to 6 m was concentrated at a depth of 8 to 15 km, 70 km southeast of the epicenter [ [8] , [9 . Geophysical Research Letters, 43, 57075715. Singh, D. D., & Gupta, H. K. (1980). The next crops in the affected areas were not bad. Mem. 8.0 magnitude earthquake. Seismic imaging of the main frontal thrust in Nepal reveals a shallow dcollement and blind thrusting. Nature 136, 485486 (1935). (M 6.9) Kumar, S., Wesnousky, S. G., Jayangondaperumal, R., Nakata, T., Kumahara, Y., & Singh, V. (2010). The Bihar Earthquake of 1934 C. D. Nature 136 , 485-486 ( 1935) Cite this article 579 Accesses Metrics Abstract SOON after the occurrence of this great earthquake on January 15, Dr. J. According to the National Centre for Seismology, the tremors measured 3.5 on the Richter scale and were felt around 9.23 pm. The reaction of the earthquake on rivers was remarkable. Sun 26 Apr 2015 04.56 EDT. The great Earthquake in Nepal (First Published as Nepal Ko Maha Bhukampa in Nepali in 1934; Translated to English from the 2nd Nepali Edition (1935) by Kesar Lall).

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